Baby is 12 months old: baby's first birthday!

How much does a newborn eat while breastfeeding?

1. In the first days of life, a baby who is breastfed can eat quite often, more than 10 times in one day.
2. The average break between meals is usually 2-3 hours.
3. According to the recommendations of pediatricians, the baby should be fed on demand and kept at the breast until the baby is satisfied.
4. One feeding can take from 10 to 40 minutes.

After birth, the newborn sleeps most of the time and eats very little. The volume of the tiny ventricle is no more than 7 ml. The first drops of milk that appear in a young mother are called colostrum. It is so fatty and nutritious that very little is required for a newborn to eat. At the first feeding, 1 teaspoon is enough for him. On the first day, the baby’s norm is 100 ml.

The amount of food a child receives depends on many details:

• health status;
• baby's weight at birth;
• Times of Day;
• body need;
• fat content of milk.

Therefore, it is important to establish proper feeding from the very first days. A newborn can determine the required amount of milk for proper nutrition. Children's doctors are sure: a child who is breastfed cannot eat little or much. Over time, the mother begins to produce milk in strictly required quantities.

Child development at 1 year

You will witness new achievements in your baby's development, and perhaps he will even delight you with his first words and steps. Whether he crawls on all fours or pushes off with one leg, or perhaps walks holding onto furniture (or without any support), the baby now decides for himself where to go. And the individual sounds and syllables that he pronounces may soon form into the first words.

Growth and Physical Development: Watch him grow

All these 12 months the baby was actively growing. By his first birthday, his weight may be 3 times his birth weight and his height may be 71-81 cm. Please note that growth slows down closer to his first birthday. You can monitor your baby's growth using growth charts, which pediatricians use to monitor the development of a small patient. These tables are usually used for up to 2 years.

As your baby begins to take his first steps, you may notice that his feet turn outward. This is normal and will correct itself naturally. Over the next months, the baby will become more confident on his feet, the ligaments in his hips will become stronger, and he will begin to place his feet straight.

Regular care of baby teeth is important. Experts recommend visiting a dentist as soon as your baby's first tooth emerges, and definitely before he turns 1 year old. As soon as your child has teeth, you need to start brushing them 2 times a day. As you get closer to one year, start weaning your baby off the bottle, as this is fraught with caries. Babies develop teeth at different times, so don't pay attention to how many teeth your child has or hasn't, but rather focus on oral hygiene.

Sensations: Vigilant and inquisitive

At this point, the child's vision becomes like that of an adult, and its acuity is better than ever. He sees as clearly as you! You may notice his hand-eye coordination improving. Thanks to good vision and developed motor skills, the baby can reach and take objects. Perhaps he is able to focus on small details, and therefore it is easier for him to manage small pieces of food and eat himself. Thanks to his new dexterity, more food finally ends up in his mouth instead of on the floor. Perhaps the baby will already be able to bring the spoon to his mouth and drink from a cup with a sippy cup.

Movements: Walk with support and maintain balance

These first tentative steps are one of the most impressive achievements. The baby can go now or within the next few months. By this age, a child can already do an excellent job of pulling himself up, standing up, and perhaps even taking a few steps while holding on to furniture. He manages to maintain his balance and can sometimes take 2-3 steps without holding on to anything. Sometimes he will fall, this is part of the practice, just provide him with a safe space. Some children are able to quickly learn to stand firmly on their feet and walk without falling.

Cognitive Development: Sounds and Words

A child of 1 year can imitate gestures, show what he wants, or crawl towards the desired object. He also practices intensely so that he can soon begin to communicate his desires using simple words. As he experiments with sounds, you can make out individual syllables like “ma,” “ga,” or “ba.” Soon they will form whole words. You probably look forward to his first word, but keep in mind: all children are different and begin to speak at different ages. Read to your baby, talk to him, this will stimulate speech development. And one day he will talk to you!

The amount of milk a baby eats per feeding

There are situations when it is necessary to know exactly how much a child should eat. Such data may be required if the baby has stopped gaining weight. The following table contains information on the amount of milk required by a child per feeding and per day during breastfeeding.

The data presented in the table is a kind of guideline and should not be taken as dogma. For each individual baby, the norms may vary significantly. However, the upper limit of the norm is 1200 grams per day.
The amount of food consumed exceeding this indicator is considered overeating.

Food recommendations for children aged 1 to 3 years

Dairy products

At the age of 1.5 to 3 years, a child on average needs:

• 5 g cheese;
• 25–50 g cottage cheese (fat content 5–11%);
• 5–10 g of cream or sour cream (10–20%);
• 500–550 ml of milk and kefir (3.2–4%).

Meat

At the age of 1 year, a child needs 100 g of meat per day, from 1.5 years old - 120 g. It is recommended to prepare dishes from beef, veal, turkey, rabbit and lamb. Offal is tasty and healthy: liver, tongue, heart. Dishes made from them are faster and easier to digest and are rich in protein and fat-soluble vitamins. But! If a child has problems with the kidneys, gall bladder or a tendency to allergies, the introduction of offal into the diet at this stage is not recommended.

Meat can be prepared in the form of steamed and oven cutlets, stews and fried minced meat.

But it is better not to introduce your child to sausages and sausages, since the quality of these products is most often questionable.

Egg

Children should be given 1 egg no more than 2 times a week, exclusively in hard-boiled form or as a steam omelet.

Fish

If a child is not allergic to seafood, it is recommended to supplement his diet with dishes made from sea and river fish. You should avoid fatty and delicacy varieties, smoked and canned fish, as well as caviar. The daily intake of fish is up to 30–40 g.

In the children's menu, fish can be presented boiled and stewed, in the form of cutlets and meatballs. Of course, it must be pitted before cooking.

Vegetables

The children's menu should include potatoes, carrots, cabbage, zucchini, pumpkin, beets, turnips, peas, beans, and beans. It is not advisable to give tomatoes before 3 years of age, as they irritate the gallbladder and often cause allergies. At the age of 1.5 to 3 years, children are recommended to consume up to 100–120 g of potatoes daily, as well as 150–200 g of other vegetables in the form of soups, salads, and side dishes.

From the age of 1.5 years, a child should be fed fresh herbs: parsley, spinach, lettuce and green onions, used to season soups, salads and main courses.

Fruits and berries

Children aged 1 to 3 years should eat 100–200 g of fruits and 10–20 g of berries per day. These can be apples, pears, plums, bananas, cherries (pitted), black currants, gooseberries, lingonberries, cranberries, chokeberries and sea buckthorn.

Juices

From 1 year to 1.5 years, a child should be offered clarified juices, and after 1.5 years - juices with pulp (up to 100-150 ml per day after meals).

If your baby tries a previously unfamiliar juice, you should start with 1–2 teaspoons in the first half of the day to see the body’s reaction.

Cereals

It is recommended to prepare porridge from oatmeal, buckwheat, barley, millet, wheat, corn and pearl barley. The daily intake of cereals for children aged 1.5 to 3 years is 15–20 g.

Pasta

At the age of 1.5 years, children can already eat noodles and vermicelli in the form of soups and side dishes. However, pasta is rich in carbohydrates, so you should not overuse them in your children's diet. The daily intake of noodles and vermicelli for children from 1.5 to 3 years old is no more than 50 g.

Sugar

A child aged 1.5 to 3 years can consume up to 30–40 g of sugar per day. This amount is already included in baked goods, juices, fruits and sweets. Abuse of sugar reduces appetite, negatively affects metabolic processes and leads to excess weight.

Sweets

At the age of 1.5 to 3 years, children can be treated to marshmallows, marmalade, fruit caramel, jam and marshmallows.

Chocolate

You should wait with chocolate and chocolate candies until the age of 3, as they provoke excitability of the nervous system and can cause allergic reactions, load the pancreas and irritate the gallbladder.

Liquid and semi-liquid food should be replaced with denser ones in order to teach the child to chew it. To do this, introduce boiled porridge, stewed vegetables, vegetable and cereal casseroles into your baby’s diet.

How much should a bottle-fed baby eat?

The amount of food a child eats needs to be known to those mothers whose children are bottle-fed. Since formula milk is digested much more slowly than breast milk, the time between meals should be about 3-4 hours. Any jar of food should indicate the norm for each age. However, each child is individual, the weight of all babies is different, so it is best to determine a single serving depending on the child’s weight.

There are several ways to determine the single amount of formula for a newly born baby. The simplest formula is:

A*10=X, where A is the age of the baby in days, and X is the amount of formula per feeding.

You can use another formula: divide the baby’s weight by his height in centimeters. This figure will be the approximate one-time volume for one feeding.

The daily amount of milk consumed by an artificial baby also depends on the weight of the baby. If the baby weighs less than 3 kg 200 grams, then the formula will look like this:

A*70=X, where A is the age of the crumbs in days, and X is the daily norm of the mixture. If the weight is more than 3 kg 200 grams, the formula looks like this: A*80=X.

Still, despite the many options for calculating the daily norm and single servings of milk, you need to focus on the child’s mood after feeding. Each newborn is individual, at different times of the day infants can eat with different appetites, some eat often, others rarely, but at the same time they gain weight normally. Normal gain is 150-250 grams per week.

Advice! To determine whether a newborn has enough milk or formula, you need to do a simple dirty diaper test.

To do this, you need to give up diapers for one full day, and after this time, count the amount of dirty laundry. If the baby has gone to the toilet 12 or more times, then there is no need to worry about the amount of food.

1 year old child: How much sleep do you need?

At this age, a child needs 12-16 hours of sleep per day and two naps lasting from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Some babies this age can sleep longer at night without waking, but babies with separation anxiety may wake up and cry periodically.

Here are some tips for you and your baby that can help you both get better sleep:

• Follow an evening ritual.

  Bathing, reading aloud, and lullabies are good for calming and relaxing babies. Try to start your evening ritual at the same time every day; consistency is key to a good night's sleep.

• Give your baby time to fall asleep on his own.

  If your child wakes up at night, do not immediately run to him, give him time to calm down on his own.

• Comfort, but don't rock.

  If your baby wakes up at night and cries, talk to him gently and change his diaper. Do not turn on the light and do not pick up the baby - this way, over time, he will learn to fall asleep on his own.

How to establish breastfeeding so that the newborn has enough milk?

To avoid the need to count the amount of milk consumed, it is necessary to properly establish breastfeeding. Don't worry if your baby latches on to the breast too often. This does not mean that he constantly wants to eat. Thus, the baby can also satisfy its psychological needs: to be close to its mother. It is imperative to give your baby breastfeeding at night. During these hours, the production of hormones responsible for breastfeeding occurs, so night and morning feedings are considered the most important.

A healthy baby who has just been born cannot be hungry if he has constant access to the breast. You don't need to pump to check your milk supply. The child will eat as often as he needs and will never eat too much. Therefore, there is absolutely no need to worry about this.

During the first few months of a child’s life, a young mother gets used to her new role. She still doesn’t know much, she’s afraid of everything. She has many questions regarding her baby.

For example: “How much should a newborn eat?” or “How long should he eat?” We will try to answer these and some other questions in more detail.

How to determine the amount of food you need

How much should a newborn eat? The amount of food will depend on what he is fed: breast milk or formula.

For a bottle-fed newborn who is not yet 10 days old, the one-time volume can be calculated as follows: multiply the day of life by 10. If the baby is 2 days old, then he needs to eat 20 ml, 3 days - 30 ml, etc.

The daily volume can be calculated using 2 formulas, depending on body weight:

• weight up to 3200 grams – multiply 70 by age in days. Example: the baby is 4 days old, his weight is 3000 g, which means: 70 x 4 = 280 ml - the daily amount of food necessary for normal growth and development;
• weight more than 3200 grams - multiply 80 by age in days. Example: a one-week-old baby weighs 3700 g, which means: 80 x 7 = 560 ml - the daily norm for a newborn baby.

Babies aged 10 days to 1 year need the following amount of food:

• 10 days - 6 weeks - 1/5 of body weight;
• 6 weeks – 6 months – about 1/6 of weight;
• 6 - 8 months - 1/8 of the weight;
• from 8 months to one year – 1/9 of the weight.

For example: at 3 months a child weighs 5500 grams, which means his daily intake is: 5500/6 = 910-920 ml.

When feeding a baby with formula, the main thing is not to overfeed - this can lead to stomach upset. The daytime break between meals should be at least 3 hours, and the night break should be 5 hours. Formula is a nutritious food that is digested very slowly, so the baby will be full for much longer than when fed milk.

For breastfed newborns, the amount of food will be different. Approximate data on how much they need to eat:

• on the first day, just one teaspoon of colostrum is enough;
• on the second day 2-3 spoons are already needed;
• on the third day, when the more nutritious colostrum disappears, the baby needs to suck about 35-40 ml of milk at one time;
• on the fourth day this figure increases almost 2 times - 60-70 ml;
• on day 5 – 70-75 ml.

Around the end of the second week, the newborn already eats about 500 ml per day. By six months this volume is 700-1000 ml.

Note: since the weight, height, and physique of all babies are different, the amount of milk will be different. Some children eat rarely, but a lot; some children, on the contrary, eat often, but little. Therefore, a few days after the birth of the baby, the mother herself will be able to determine how much the newborn should eat.

How much should a child eat from birth to one year?

Children have different appetites: some prefer to eat more often, while others refuse food, even if it is time to feed. However, there are general rules and recommendations for the frequency and volume of infant feeding. Let's figure out how much a child should eat to avoid malnutrition or overfeeding, how to improve the baby's appetite and find out that he is hungry, and also dispel some myths about nutrition up to a year. The expert on the topic is pediatrician Ekaterina Borisovna Bulavina.

— Ekaterina Borisovna, how does a child’s appetite change with age?

— Appetite is a concept that does not depend on age. A child is already born with an excellent appetite, and over time only the amount of food eaten changes. Appetite depends primarily on the child’s health status, degree of maturity and growth phase, as well as on the type of feeding and genetic characteristics. A rapidly growing baby eats with great desire; during periods of slow growth, his appetite decreases somewhat. But it is important to remember that refusal to eat can be caused by health problems, so a visit to the doctor in such cases should not be postponed.

— How to restore a child’s appetite?

— Most often, appetite returns on its own as soon as the irritating factor ceases to affect the child. If the baby has recently had a vaccination or the loss of appetite is associated with teething, then the mother’s active intervention is not required. If the child is healthy and he simply does not like the food offered, the taste of milk or formula, then you can try to improve his appetite. The surest way is to let the baby get really hungry. Active games, long walks in the fresh air, maintaining time intervals between meals, and the absence of snacks usually lead to the desired result: the child quite willingly eats the offered dish. At five to six months, the baby is already ready to show interest in food - during this period active eating behavior should be developed. Let him watch the table setting, watch adults eat, play with a spoon and plate, try new types of food (this is the so-called pedagogical complementary feeding). Such active interest only contributes to a good appetite.

— Is the appetite different in breastfed and bottle-fed children?

— There is no reliable dependence of appetite on the type of feeding. Both on breastfeeding and on artificial nutrition, there are small children and babies with a good appetite. Babies on the breast may ask to eat more often, as milk is digested faster and easier, and then it seems that the baby is hungry. Children on formula maintain the required intervals between feedings well, and appetite has nothing to do with it.

— How can you calculate the amount of food for an infant? How much should a baby eat at 2 months, 6 months and 8 months? How much should a child eat at 1 year of age?

— When calculating nutrition for children under 10 days of life, special formulas are used. Next, the volume of food is calculated taking into account the baby’s weight.

Food intake for infants by month

• from 10 days to 6 weeks of age - 1/5 of body weight
• from 6 weeks to 4 months - 1/6 of body weight
• from 4 to 6 months - 1/7 of body weight
• from 6 to 8 months - 1/8 of body weight
• from 8 to 12 months - 1/9 of body weight

At the same time, the food intake for a three-month-old child should not exceed 850 ml per day, for a four-month-old child - 900 ml per day, after five months - 1 liter per day, regardless of weight, taking into account which the amount of food is calculated.

— How often should you feed your baby?

— A breastfed child receives nutrition on demand; there is a special schedule for a bottle-fed child. Depending on age, the frequency of feedings changes downward:

• 1-3 months - meals 7 times a day, with intervals between feedings of 3 hours. Sometimes feeding 6 times a day is allowed with an increase in the night interval.
• 3-6 months - meals 6 times a day at intervals of 3.5 hours.
• 6-12 months - meals 5 times a day with daily intervals of up to 4 hours, a night break of 6-8 hours.

— Why is overeating dangerous?

— It’s almost impossible to overeat while breastfeeding, but bottle-fed babies sometimes suffer from this. The problem usually lies in an unsuitable nipple, through which the baby sucks the prescribed portion too quickly: the signal of saturation does not have time to reach the food center. The baby asks for more, and mom happily offers more. As a result, the resulting portion exceeds the volume of the stomach, its walls are overstretched, excess nutrition is regurgitated, the first problems with the gastrointestinal tract appear, and abnormal eating behavior is formed. Habitual regurgitation leads to gastroesophageal reflux disease, and heavy feedings lead to excess weight gain. Measures taken by the mother during and after feeding will help minimize the manifestations of reflux.

Signs that a child is overeating

• regurgitation
• stomach ache
• frequent, large stools
• pathologically high weight gain

Signs that a child is malnourished

You should contact your pediatrician immediately if your child:

• refuses any offered food or water;
• shows signs of illness;
• loses weight;
• produces dry, wrinkled skin, little saliva, cries without tears;
• has rare bowel movements, rare urination;
• does not regularly eat the required amount;
• asks to eat more often, does not eat enough;
• sleeps poorly, often wakes up and cries;
• often regurgitates, he is bothered by abdominal pain, problems with stool;
• lethargic, lags behind peers in psychomotor development.

— Is it necessary to feed the baby at night?

- Night feedings are vital for a child up to 6 months of age, and it is impossible to wean them off earlier, except in cases where the child sleeps peacefully throughout the night. A child in the first months of life is not able to tolerate a long break in feeding. From the age of six months, you can try to wean your baby from eating at night, but the optimal age for this is after a year.

— When to introduce complementary foods and how to properly combine them with infant formula and breast milk? What proportions are desirable to maintain?

— A complementary feeding dish is always offered to the child before or instead of breastfeeding or formula feeding. Complementary feeding begins with small portions, so the required amount of food per feeding is supplemented with breast milk or formula. Gradually, the frequency of introduction of complementary foods and its volume increase, displacing milk feedings:

• 4-6 months - 1 feeding with complementary foods and 5 feedings with breast milk or formula;
• 5-7 months - 2 feedings with complementary foods;
• 8-10 months - 3 feedings with complementary foods;
• after 1 year - 1-2 milk feedings, all other meals should contain complementary foods.

— How does a child’s appetite change after the first year of life?

— After a year, physiological changes occur in the body, which largely determine eating behavior and nutritional needs. The period of intensive growth ends, the child enters the phase of stabilization of weight and growth indicators. Consequently, the energy requirement is slightly reduced relative to the needs of an intensively growing six to ten month old child. Parents often notice that the child ate much more willingly just a couple of months ago.

The range of activity after a year is higher: the baby masters the process of walking, constantly explores something, it is difficult for him to concentrate on one thing and sit still. He is often distracted, including from the process of eating, and often snacks on the go. And it seems that at main meals the child eats little and reluctantly. But if you add up all the snacks, you end up with a completely sufficient daily amount of nutrition, divided into micro portions. Yes, parents often notice a decrease in appetite in children after a year. However, this is due to the physiology of their growth and maturation.

— Ekaterina Borisovna, please comment on the myths surrounding the appetite and nutrition of infants.

1. A child is crying, which means he is hungry.

— This misconception concerns more natural feeding. Sleepless nights with frequent awakenings, restless intermittent sleep during the day - in such a situation, the mother tries to feed on demand, offering the breast every time, but the baby sucks a little and gives up, continuing to cry. At this moment, the mother convinces herself that she has little milk, the baby is hungry - and runs to the store for formula.

In fact, a baby can cry for various reasons: colic, headache, full diaper, uncomfortable clothes. And before feeding, as soon as he starts crying, you should try to eliminate all other causes of discomfort. The mother's misconception that there is a lack of milk is the most common reason for switching to artificial feeding.

2. Scheduled feeding is better because the baby has time to get hungry

— Each child is an individual, and the well-established feeding regimen of one baby may not suit another. The child may want to eat half an hour earlier or an hour earlier (or later) than expected. This does not mean that he should cry all this hour if feeding time has not yet come and the mother is trying to comply with the regime. While the mother maintains the required interval, the child experiences stress, which negatively affects his development and eating habits. If your child frequently asks for food, it may be worth reconsidering his diet. It is better to contact your pediatrician with this question.

3. In the case of feeding on demand, having gotten used to calming down at the breast, the baby will then eat stress all the time

“On the contrary, babies who are breastfed on demand learn to quickly recognize their own body signals and are usually not inclined to overeat, because they receive breastfeeding as soon as they are hungry.” But if the mother tries to feed the baby more so that he sleeps longer, she does him a “disservice”: this is how the body gets used to stocking up, because the next feeding is not soon.

4. The child does not have enough nutrients, and the sooner you start complementary feeding, the better

“Indeed, apple juice used to be introduced into a child’s diet at almost two months. But it has long been scientifically proven that there is no benefit from this. Modern ideas about the timing and products of first complementary feeding are based on numerous studies. And a young mother should follow them, and not her grandmother’s advice about the benefits of semolina at two months.

5. The baby is gaining weight “incorrectly”

“I often hear about well-fed babies that they are “skinny,” but the neighbor’s children, for example, weigh ten kilograms at five months. Whether weight and height gains correspond to physiological norms can only be assessed by a pediatrician using special centile tables. And it is wrong to draw premature conclusions only on the basis of a visual examination of the child and his comparison with others.

- Summarize. How can you tell if your baby is full?

- Observe his behavior. As saturation increases, swallowing movements become less frequent and are replaced by sucking. A well-fed baby stops sucking the breast or bottle on his own. If feeding has been delayed and the mother doubts whether the baby is full, it is worth trying to take the breast - a well-fed baby easily releases it from his mouth, a hungry baby is capricious and makes searching movements with his fingers.

It is worth remembering that the breast for a child is not only a source of nutrition, but also a means of calm and a guarantee of safety. Babies can hang at the breast for a long time, and this does not always mean that they are hungry. If the mother is in doubt, you can try to calm the child in another way. A well-fed baby will most likely fall asleep, a hungry baby will persistently demand the breast and will calm down only when he receives it again. After satiation, the child usually falls asleep or continues to stay awake in a good mood, smiles at his mother, and coos.

A child’s good appetite is the dream of every mother and especially grandmother. Complaints of lack of appetite are the most common complaints when visiting a doctor. Everyone wants a magic pill to improve it, but unfortunately, such a pill does not exist. It is important to organize rational feeding of the baby, interesting and varied leisure time, good physical activity - and the problems of poor appetite will sometimes be solved by themselves. When it comes to feeding, you should follow the recommendations of your pediatrician, and not the advice of your neighbor or members of the older generation. Each child is individual, and the diet of one may not be suitable for another. Only a doctor can correctly assess the compliance of the diet with the needs of the child and his physical and psychomotor development. Therefore, it is important to regularly visit the clinic to timely assess the baby’s condition.

Pediatrician 1st category

Bulavina Ekaterina Borisovna

*The ideal food for an infant is mother's milk. WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. MAMAKO® supports this recommendation. Before introducing new foods into your baby’s diet, consult a specialist.

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How to check the amount of food you eat

When a baby is fed formula, it is easy to find out how much he eats - you just need to subtract the amount left after from the amount of food that was before feeding.

It's more difficult when breastfeeding. For this you will need a baby scale. It is advisable to take electronic ones - they show the exact weight and are convenient to work with. The newborn is weighed before feeding (it is advisable to record how much he weighs), then he is fed and weighed again. Subtract the difference in the child's weight and find out how much he eats. There is another way - to express breast milk and feed it from a bottle.

CORRECTLY DISTRIBUTION OF INFANT FORMULA

— How to prepare baby formula and how long can it be stored?

— It is necessary to prepare infant formula strictly following the instructions on the package. Each manufacturer, including MAMAKO®, may have its own breeding rules, which require strict adherence.

Dilution of the mixture

• Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and only then start cooking.
• Use well-washed and sterilized feeding utensils in advance.
• The recommended water temperature for breeding is 37-40 °C.
• It is enough to heat bottled water for baby food. Water from other sources requires boiling and cooling to the required temperature.
• The powder is placed in a bottle with water, and not vice versa, to avoid the appearance of lumps.
• The contents are gently shaken with rocking movements of the bottle until the powder is completely dissolved. Vigorous shaking will result in abundant foam.
• Check your temperature again by placing a few drops on your wrist. If there are no unpleasant sensations, offer the mixture to the baby.

Is there enough milk for the baby?

If a mother knows how much a newborn should eat, but is not sure that he is full, the only way to find out is to observe his behavior and condition. The first signs that the baby is eating enough milk is a good increase in body weight. Also, if he has enough food, he will sleep peacefully, without any problems maintaining a 2-hour gap between feedings. The number of bowel movements is at least 3-4 times, depending on the age of the baby - up to 10-14 days he can poop after each meal.

For any mother of a newborn, questions about feeding her baby are of great importance. But a woman should not forget that a lot depends on her nutrition and the correct organization of her feeding regimen. If the mother herself is on a diet, her milk will not have enough fat content, and the baby may remain hungry, even with frequent feedings.

The birth of a baby is a great joy for his parents and grandparents. However, the happiness of motherhood is invariably accompanied by doubts and fears: is the baby fed, does anything hurt?

The issue of nutrition of a newborn is very important for further development. There is a “folk” method and a number of techniques to determine the required amount of nutrition for an infant. How often and in what quantities can a newborn be fed breast milk?

• Satiety indicators
• Nutritional norm according to the Gaybern method
• Shkarin's formula
• Reich calculations
• Volume at a time and quantity per day

UNDERFEEDING AND OVERFEEDING - HOW TO AVOID PROBLEMS

— What nuances should parents take into account when determining the amount of formula?

— When calculating the formula, parents most often rely on the recommendations indicated on the packaging for the average child. It is better if the doctor makes the initial calculation of nutrition based on the weight and height of a particular baby, the presence or absence of perinatal risk factors, intrauterine growth retardation, malnutrition at birth and the banal ability to suck, the strength and condition of the nervous system.

Parents will have to follow the feeding regimen - the amount of food calculated by the doctor, the intervals between meals. Small deviations in one direction or another are allowed, but it is important to ensure that the child eats the approximate daily volume of formula.

The amount of adapted formula is calculated by a pediatrician after assessing the child’s health status, his initial anthropometric indicators and monthly gains. Further, the change in weight dynamics will be decisive in calculating the volume of the mixture.

— What problems can unsystematic feeding lead to?

— The composition of the mixture is balanced and calculated based on the child’s daily needs for calories and nutrients. Unbalanced chaotic feeding will lead to an excess or deficiency of not only calories, but also essential nutrients, and overfeeding or underfeeding will lead to developmental delays. During this period, the formation of the whole organism occurs, and the future health of the child largely depends on what foundation is laid at the beginning.

Satiety indicators

In the first days of life, the baby spends most of its time sleeping. If he is not hungry, nothing hurts, the baby will not cry or sulk.

Noting signs of discomfort in the baby, the mother will have to independently determine the cause of the anxiety. More often, the cause of tearfulness in newborns is tummy pain or hunger.

The folk method for determining whether a baby is full is based on:

on the quality and quantity of stool;

on the number of diapers described.

To determine whether a baby has enough mother's milk in diapers, you need to forget about diapers for one day .

If the number of diapers described is 12 or more, there is enough nutrition, the baby’s capriciousness has nothing to do with hunger.

The video will tell you how much a newborn should eat at one feeding and how often the baby should be fed:

Our publication will tell you in detail about what kind of Malyutka mixtures there are.

Find out how to properly dilute the Nestozhen mixture - read this article.

Can I eat peaches while breastfeeding? Find the answer to the question here.

Nutritional norm according to the Gaybern method

According to this method, there are 4 age groups of infants up to one year. The younger the newborn, the more nutrition is required per kilogram of weight.

All information is reflected in the table:

Reich calculations

The formula that Reiche derived is based on the individual data of the newborn:

height measured in centimeters;

weight, measured in grams.

To clearly demonstrate how to work with the formula, let’s take the average statistical information about the height (58 cm) and weight (5600 g) of a 2-month-old baby: 5600/58 x 7 = 675.9 g.

People often ask: is it possible to give honey to an infant?

Do you know how to dilute NAN formula for newborns? Find out more from our article.

Reviews of Agusha fermented milk formula from 6 months are collected in this material.