Need for nicotinic acid
The daily requirement of niacin depends on age:
- 12-18 years: 18 mg;
- over 18 years: 20 mg;
Pregnant women are prescribed 20-25 mg per day.
Everyone needs nicotinic acid in moderate doses. An urgent need for a substance manifests itself in the following cases:
- Chronic state of stress.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding (in certain cases).
- Hyperthyroidism.
- Oncological diseases.
- Chronic infections.
- Fever.
- Cirrhosis.
- Hepatitis.
Interesting to know! Women need nicotine not only internally, but also externally - for cosmetic purposes. The drug is purchased in ampoules and is used for the beauty of the dermis, curls, eyelashes and eyebrows.
Methods
The databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trial Register (Central), ClinicalTrials.gov and TrialResults-center (up to October 2017) were searched for studies.
The systematic review included clinical studies evaluating the use of the drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The meta-analysis included randomized clinical trials that assessed at least 1 long-term cardiovascular effect of niacin.
As primary endpoints
included cardiovascular disease, mortality from ischemic heart disease, as well as acute coronary syndrome, non-fatal and fatal stroke, revascularization and major adverse events.
Deficiency Symptoms
Nicotine is needed for women's health, as its lack can disrupt many vital processes in the body. Another deficiency of Vitamin B3 provokes the appearance of vitamin deficiency.
A deficiency can be detected by the following signs:
- frequent fatigue;
- insomnia, frequent stress;
- irritability;
- decreased appetite;
- weakness, dizziness;
- weight loss;
- the skin loses moisture, becomes dry and pale.
The deficiency of PP must be replenished immediately after detection. Otherwise, this leads to serious problems.
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More details
Overdose
It is strongly recommended to follow the dosage prescribed by your doctor and instructions. Otherwise, there is a high probability of experiencing a shortage of the substance or its excess.
The symptoms of a nicotine overdose are no better than the signs of a deficiency. There are several side effects:
- decreased blood pressure;
- nausea, diarrhea;
- dizziness;
- redness of the dermis in the facial area;
- tingling and burning sensation throughout the body.
Sometimes the drug is prescribed in smaller doses. Therefore, you should always consult your doctor.
Contraindications
Niacin is contraindicated in the following cases:
- cirrhosis of the liver;
- ulcer;
- glaucoma;
- severe hypertension;
- atherosclerosis in an advanced stage;
- allergies, individual intolerance;
- development of inflammatory processes;
- gout;
- gastrointestinal diseases;
- neurosis;
- arrhythmia;
- weakened blood circulation;
- nephrosclerosis.
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the drug is taken with caution, only as prescribed by a doctor.
Contraindications, side effects
Nicotinic acid PP preparations are not used for:
- gastrointestinal diseases - anacid gastritis, peptic ulcer;
- serious liver dysfunction;
- metabolic diseases associated with urate deposition (gout) or increased levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia);
- severe forms of atherosclerosis;
- arterial hypertension 2.3 degrees;
- diabetes mellitus;
- glaucoma;
- hypersensitivity to nicotinic acid.
Acidum nicotinicum can have side effects, most of which are due to its ability to activate the neurotransmitter histamine, which is responsible for allergic reactions in the body. This is a feeling of slight burning of the skin, especially in the upper part of the body, a feeling of a rush of blood to the head, and redness of the face. Skin itching, urticaria, dizziness, drop in blood pressure, irritation of the gastric mucosa, and dyspepsia are less common. Side effects usually disappear within 2 hours, but in the case of a persistent, prolonged course they may be a reason to discontinue the drug due to intolerance.
Nicotine for weight loss
Many girls who are losing weight resort to taking niacin. What is the secret of the vitamin? The fact is that B3 prevents processes that provoke the formation of extra kg:
- Nicotine helps cleanse the body of harmful substances.
- Promotes the production of the happiness hormone. And this reduces the need for sweets.
- Converts fats into energy - deposits have no chance of remaining under the skin.
Niacin also has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system, allowing you to more calmly survive the period of diets and physical activity.
As if vit. B3 is not good for weight loss, it does not remove pounds in a snap. The substance only promotes weight loss, it helps. Therefore, it is impossible to do without proper nutrition and physical activity.
Mechanism of action of vitamin PP
The organic compound Acidum nicotinicum was first prepared in 1867 by researcher Hubert, and its vitamin properties were discovered in the early 20th century. Research conducted by a group of American scientists has shown that this substance is part of the coenzyme responsible for oxidation-reduction reactions in which fatty acids and glucose break down.
It should not be assumed that the source of nicotinic acid can be a smoked cigarette. Nicotinic acid and nicotine are completely different substances. Acidum nicotinicum is a β-pyridinecarboxylic acid, a substance that plays an important role in metabolic processes. And Nicotinum contained in cigarette smoke is the alkaloid Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-pyridine, a dangerous drug that is addictive and causes great harm to the body. The similarity in names is explained by the fact that nicotine was the first raw material for the production of niacin. Modern methods for the synthesis of nicotinic acid are based on the oxidation of the pyridine derivative β-picoline.
PP is the only vitamin that has a therapeutic effect and is used not only as a micronutrient, but also as a medicine. Its effectiveness in the fight against excess weight is based on its hypocholesterolemic, vasodilating and metabolic properties. A nicotinic acid:
- activates blood microcirculation, which facilitates the removal of toxic waste from capillaries, where blood flow is usually weak;
- accelerates the processes of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, thereby preventing the deposition of fat “in reserve”;
- triggers reactions transforming sugar and fats into energy;
- increases the production of hormones, including somatotropin, which, according to recent research, promotes weight loss;
- improves oxygen supply to cells;
- has a positive effect on cholesterol balance, reducing the level of “bad” cholesterol and increasing the amount of “good” cholesterol;
- optimizes digestion processes;
- has an anti-stress effect, and this is valuable from the point of view that nervous tension is often the cause of overeating.
Niacin against cellulite
Nicotine has a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin and helps get rid of cellulite. For this purpose, the drug is used externally, in liquid form (ampoules).
Anti-cellulite wraps with niacin are very effective in the fight against orange peel. Check out the simple recipe:
- We combine liquid niacin with water in a ratio of 1 to 3, where 1 is vit. PP.
- Wet the bandage/gauze in the resulting solution.
- Apply a bandage to problem areas.
- We wrap it in film, then wrap ourselves in a blanket/towel or put on warm leggings.
- Let stand for 20 minutes.
After the procedure, you can moisturize the dermis with any cosmetic oil.
Interesting to know! Nicotinic acid is not the nicotine that is smoked. So don't be afraid. The substance can cause harm only if the instructions, doctor’s instructions and contraindications are neglected.
results
Of the 119 studies, 17 included information on the effect of niacin on at least one cardiovascular effect.
- The meta-analysis included 35,760 patients with a history of cardiovascular disease or dyslipidemia.
- No association was found between taking the drug and cardiovascular outcomes when using the drug for secondary prevention.
- Subgroup analyzes showed that niacin monotherapy resulted in a reduction in some cardiovascular events in patients not receiving statins (acute coronary syndrome, relative risk, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58-0.96; stroke: relative risk, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.94; revascularization: relative risk, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.37-0.72). It is noteworthy that these results were mainly obtained in 2 studies dating from 1970-1980.
Effect of the substance on hair
Nicotinic acid dilates blood vessels in the brain, thereby increasing blood flow. This accelerates hair growth, strengthens it and prevents hair loss.
Nicotine also helps get rid of dandruff and split ends.
The product is applied very simply: the ampoule is opened and the contents are rubbed into the scalp. The course lasts 14-30 days.
On women's forums you can find many positive reviews about the benefits of niacin for curls. Girls post photos showing the appearance of new hair and noticeable growth of existing ones.
The role of nicotinic acid in gynecology
Nicotine is taken for inflammation and bleeding. In certain cases, it is prescribed during pregnancy, menopause and lactation.
B3 for nursing
Nicotinic acid is taken to improve lactation. In order to increase milk supply, mothers take the drug half an hour before feeding. However, nicotine does not always have a positive effect on breastfeeding. The substance can cause an allergic reaction in both the baby and nursing mothers.
Therefore, it is strongly recommended to act under strict medical supervision and observe the baby's reaction for three hours. Self-medication regarding lactation and pregnancy is prohibited.
For more information on ways to increase lactation, watch the video:
LOW MILK: how to increase lactation? Breast-feeding. Issue 15.
Use for menopause
Why is it useful to drink vitamin PP during menopause: niacin strengthens blood vessels and normalizes blood pressure, which significantly alleviates symptoms during menopause.
This is interesting! Doctors recommend combining nicotine and other vitamins and minerals during menopause.
Directions for use and dosage
Vitamin PP is water-soluble, it is easily absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract, the concentration in the blood reaches its maximum value after 45 minutes. Niacin does not accumulate in the body; its undigested residues (about two-thirds of the dose taken) are quickly excreted in the urine. Therefore, the supply of this micronutrient from the outside must be constant.
Nicotinic acid for weight loss is usually taken in courses of 2–3 weeks with breaks of 1–1.5 months. It is advisable that the dosage be determined by an endocrinologist, since the degree of need for this vitamin is individual for each person, and the range of its content in different nicotinic acid preparations is quite wide. However, in any case, the daily dose in terms of 100% niacin should not exceed 100 mg. Nicotinic acid preparations should be taken after meals with water or milk.
When using niacin preparations for weight loss, their use must be combined with a low-calorie diet and an active lifestyle (sports, physical labor). Such activities will be the main conditions for spending the fat reserves accumulated by the body, and nicotinic acid will speed up and facilitate the process of weight loss.